Research - Review of favourite previous student video

This is the link to the video of my favourite previous student video

The reason why this video is my favourite because there is a variation of edits and shots in the picture. The effects were really good, for example then song built up for the beat to drop in the beginning (when it he says 'Overload'). Not only this, the lip-syncing was really good and you it made you think the song belonged to him (The student in the video). To be honest, I'm not sure if the location matched the song but overall it was a good job.

Research: Skills Audit

Since studying media at AS, I feel that my research skills have improved vastly; therefore, I am able to conduct researches productively and efficiently now in comparison to my previous research methods during the AS coursework. During my AS coursework, I would often find the quickest way to carry out my research into thrillers – using Wikipedia, Google and teacher's resources. However, this was very tedious and unproductive as it only helped me receive an overall view, rather than an in-depth detailed view. I now use a variety of sources to do my research, such as YouTube, magazines, social media and other online sites.

My skills for researching have improved greatly as I know what websites to look at and where to get my information from. I am able to use different types of technology more efficiently as I am more experienced now after using them at AS.

A lot of the technology I used at AS it was my first time using but now I've had practice and I'm better at it and can use things much more efficiently than just doing the basic because I didn't know how to use them.

Research - Analysing, Costume, Setting and Location in music videos

1st video (02) - https://vimeo.com/55012288

• The intended audience are for young teenage males
• the narrative structure is Disjuncture
• the representation is of a male artist
• the Genre is Rock/Pop
• There are rewinds, close ups, tracking shots and handheld camera being used.
• the streets, bridges
• 3 costumes changes, (1st - jeans, hoody and jacket) (2nd - jeans and white hoody) (3rd - white shirt and black trousers)

2nd video (25) - https://vimeo.com/55009648

• The intended audience are young female teenagers
• the genre is Dubstep
• narrative structure is Disjuncture
• video consists of Slow motions, colour grading, handheld camera, Rewinds, panning and close ups
• representation of a female artist
• the streets
• Casual clothing but appealing to male gaze - (make up)

3rd video Mustafa & co. - https://vimeo.com/32963364

• The intented audience are young females, maybe males
• the music video's narrative structure is disjuncture
• Video has closes ups, special affects - lighting and slow motions
• representation of a female artist
• location - in a park, forest, empty room
• dresses, glitter make up and lights

Research: Skills Audit

Research that you have conducted for your As practical work.

I believe that with my experience that I have received through my As year has improved majorly to my A2 year. This is because I feel that I am more commited to my work and more focused thus I know that I should spend more time to do my work. Back in my As year, I was only doing a basic search to do a research. For example, I will only go on the popular choice websites such as Wikipedia.com or yahoo.co.uk for help on my work. Nowadays, by being more focused and more aware of my personal studies, I try to do more than what I was being asked by my teacher. For example I`ve developed an interests in reading books thus I now spend more time reading the relevant books and asking people for help for me to gain a greater knowledge in order to succeed in my work.

Research - Reflecting on Progress

Compared to last year, i think that i am progressing with my blogging quite well, at the start of the term last year i really did not want to do media, in actuality i hated it, my blogging was behind and my focus in lessons was poor. This year however i am ahead of my class in blogging, i have found more and more technologies that i can use to incorporate into my blogs and my timing is much better .

I would give myself a 16/20, because i think my use of technologies has increased since last year and the Level of detail has also increased. I wouldn't give myself 20/20 because i believe that i still have a way to go with the amount of technologies that i use. The three things i could do improve include:

• Increase the level/amount of technologies i use.
• Do my blogs in order.
• Get a mac.

Research - skills audit

Since my As term, i believe my skills in research have developed quite a lot. Back in As, i would only use Google, and then sites such as Wikipedia to gain knowledge on the set task/subject. For example, if i had a task lie the Synergy Homework in As i would have simply went onto Wikipedia and copy and pasted information on the task adding some of my own knowledge to it, however now that i am in A2, i think my skills have progressed to a level where i not only use Wikepidia and such sites, but i Would go to the artists site get further information, visit forums, YouTube and even  go to the library to see if i could fnd more information that i could incorporate into my posts.

Research - Synergy homework

• My groups chosen genre is Hip Hop. The artist that falls under this genre that i will be discussing is Tinie  Tempah.

• Patrick Chukwuemeka Okogwu, better known by his stage name Tinie Tempah, is an English rapper. He released his first mixtape in 2005; his first album, Disc-Overy, debuted at number one in the UK in October 2010 and was preceded by two British number-one singles.

• Disc-Overy is the first studio album by the British rapper Tinie Tempah, released in the United Kingdom on 1 October 2010, by Parlophone Records.Disc-Overy uses predominantly upbeat, dance-orientated production with lyrics concerning fame, youth and love.

Album cover name: Disc-Over :key features highlighted - The artist, accessories iconic to HipHop genre, e.g watch, ring, raybans/shades, jumper/leatherjacket, stars, White font, city or something on his chest.

Album teaser trailer: N/a, Key features highlighted: N/a

Music video Single: Written in the stars, Key features highlighted: stars, stereotypical hip-hop outfit, glasses, watch, wrist gear, white font (same).

There are certain features that can be seen across the two products. The font from the Album cover "Disc-over" is seen again on the single cover of "Written in the stars", the stars/ star system background is also carried through to the single also. We also see the Artist Tinie Tempah on the cover still wearing a blue (different style) jacket and his accessories such as watch and face gear, posed in a different position.

Research: Cross Media Products & Synergy

Reflection - Bullet Pointed List of Skills in the As Year

Skills that I developed during the course of the AS year:

• I've learned how to use Photoshop properly for the making of posters for our Thrillers. How to edit and use different effects to make a photo completely different to attract people.
• Learned how to use Final Cut Pro to edit video. To cut and put clips together to make them have a natural flow.
• Knowing different editing skills - Jump cuts, Match Cuts, Fades, other Transitions and sound.
• How to use the camera. what the different buttons are used for. The Focus and to Zoom etc.
• I've learnt how use Quark for storyboards.
• Using Camtasia to use a voice over for explanation and recordings

Research - Appeal of Music Videos

Music Video Analysis & Audience Research. from Zoyia

Research - Copies of Copyright Clearance

Dear Lily Allen, 

I'm a student of A Level Media studies and I am requesting for Copyright permission to use part of your song Smile. 
For my Advanced portfolio, I will be working in a group to produce a promotional package for the release of a new album track. 
Again, I would like to request permission to use the above track for this project. 
The finished project will not be made available publicly and will only be used for coursework purposes. You will be fully acknowledged in the finished project.

Hope to get a reply soon, thanks
yours faithfully

Damilola Lawson
email: dami.lawson@live.co.uk



I have sent this on Facebook and a shorter version on Twitter since you can have only have up to 140 characters.

Post on Lily Allen's Facebook Wall
to view click on this link then scroll down to 'Recent Posts by Others on Lily Allen'
also sent as a message

My Tweet To Lily Allen
The first tweet

Research - Function of a Music Video

Music Video

• Music videos are created to promote the song that has been released. It is for visual pleasure and a way of portraying their ideas through the song making TV look attractive and for entertainment purposes. Music viedos are also used to promote the artist and their album, all for money - wanting to sell.
• Music videos started being produced in the mid-late 70s.
• They have become more sophisticated and digital. Not only are they promoting themselves (the artists), they are advertising other brands.
• Compared to films, Music videos are much shorter.
• They are made as stand alone media texts whereas TV programmes come in series.
• Music Videos have an artist who is the performer or character or both.
• The editing compared to film are more fast paced reinforcing the tempo of the song.
• Music videos consist of Base tracks. this is when you see the same shot being played back again throughout the video. Repetition plays a part here so the video becomes familiar to the viewers.
• This type of video creates a fan base.

i feel that this is a good the cuts are in time with the music and also consists of base tracks. There are also a lot of repetition to draw the attention of the viewers. Most importantly, the artist is performing, moving around constantly.

Research: Synergy activity

Me and my group chose the genre Hip-Hop to do a music video on. The artist I chosed to do my synergy on known by his stage name as 'The Game.'

Below is a picture of his album 'Jesus Piece' released on the 11th december 2012.

The picture below is the album back cover. Both the front and back cover uses the same colour and font. The four colours used for the album are yellow, red, white and black.

This is a short video album teaser trailer. The trailer also uses the same four colours as the album cover as they had yellow to represent light behind the cross in the first shot. While the video had a bit of redish filter and black for the shades. While the Game was wearing a white shirt.

Below, both music video relates to the album as the artist uses the same colours as the album as the dominant colours in the video.

Research: Media Language in Music Videos

Camera:

The use of camera within music videos is a very key aspect. Camera work provides various shots such as close ups and mid shots the main of use of these shots is to show off the artist/band as they are the main attraction. Shots such as long shots could be used to show off the artist/band with the addition of tilts and tracks. Wide shots are used within music videos mainly to bring in the location with the artist.

 

Editing:

The use of editing goes hand in hand with camera. Editing is mainly used within music videos to hit beats to give a sharp and edgy feel to it, these include jump cuts. Other use of edits include obvious edits such as graphical ones, slow motion and speeding up. The use of these keeps the viewer entertained in comparison to the artist/band was just standing on the spot - which would be quite boring.

 

Research - Analysis of costume, setting and location in music videos

Analysis of costume, setting and location in music videos 

An overview of a individual task on analyzing costume, setting and location in music videos.








Generally, the number of costume changes that occur in the video is three, or in some music videos four. this might be because the directors are trying to portray some type of time lapse. There is a clear difference between the videos, there is RnB, dub step and grime genre's present, the style of the costumes show this as well, for example the grime music video shows hoodies and body-warmers whereas the dub step there is casual clothing.

There are clear difference and similarities in setting and location between the three music videos.

1. The first similarity is that all the shots were taken in Islington/Central London :).
2. Another similarity is that according to two have only females due to their genre and intended audience, whereas one has a mix.
3. The lighting changes between the three according to their chosen genre.
4. Not one of the three have the same number of locations, they fluctuate from 3/4 to 4/5 and 4/6.

The props aren't iconic, they are just there to give effect, however some of the clothing are significant, for example in the grime video, the hoodies and jumpers/jeans play an important role in stereotyping the males in that specific genre. 

Reflection - AS Music video

Research - PSY - Gentleman on TimeToast

REFLECTION - technical skills

Technical skills developed during the course of the AS year. 

Throughout the As year there were many Technical skills that i was forced to learn and many other skills that i was forced to fine tune to complete my tasks and deadlines to a high quality.

• Normal skills -  time keeping, team work, individual
• Vimeo - Learned how to post thing work on vimeo, this was the first time i had used vimeo so it was a new experience.
• Vcr camera's - This was my first camera experience, this was used to film my As Thriller, swede and Music video, i really enjoyed being a cameraman.
• Camtasia - I really loved using Camtasia, i used it for voice over for explanation and recordings
• Final cut - Learned how to use Final Cut Pro to edit video. To cut and put clips together to make them have a natural flow. Used it in the prelim, thriller, music video and swede. 
• Blogger - Leaned how to blog, well use Blogger, i highly enjoyed it after a while, even downloading blogger on my iPhone.
• PowerPoint - Fine polished my PowerPoint skills throughout my As term. 
• Word - Fine polished my Word publisher skills  throughout my As term.
• Photoshop - Learned these skills and incorporated them into the making process of the CD covers for the AS media music video summer task. 

The Above technologies are only a portion of technologies i used and developed skills from.

REFLECTION - AS music video

AS Music video

Hammmer Time - Set 9 

Torian, Joel, Kevin, farha, Ruth

Research: Analysis of costume, setting and location

29. Ipek Ibrahim, Hafiza Mussammad, Jebeen Uddin http://vimeo.com/55008555 POP


29. Ipek Ibrahim, Hafiza Mussammad, Jebeen Uddin from 283goswell on Vimeo.
21. Denise Nguyen, Chanel Dowe-Harris, Ryan Marques-Sampaio, Mohamed Abu-Bakar http://vimeo.com/55009659 Grime

25. Christabell Ndive, Juliana Lopez, Tamara Akotuah http://vimeo.com/55009648 Dubstep

There were an average of 3 costumes change in each video with different genres which are Pop, Grime and Dubstep. There is a clear relations of costumes relating to the genres as the grime artist was wearing hoodies and black jackets to emphasise the stereotypes whilst for dubstep, the artist was dressed nicely which fitted into the dubstep`s stereotype. For the grime video the rapper was wearing black body-warmer when he was filmed on the road and a grey jumper when he was filmed inside a location.

Each videos had an average of 5 locations and there were a few famous ones which were London Bridge, Southbank and Old street. Some of the loactions were typical for example for the pop video, the location was somewhere live and full of action which fits into the typical pop videos. The grime video was mostly filmed outside on the road where many famous grime artists films their videos.

The props weren`t used in a sophisticated way as there weren`t deliberate use of props while in the grime video there was only the hoodie and body-warmer whilst for the pop video there was the use of the skateboard which followed the beat.

Questions.  

1.What do you notice about the amount of costumes used in a video?
I've noticed that there isn't a lot of costume change in a video while mostly in the videos, they used one type of clothing for the chorus. Most costume change is in during the verse.

2.What differences are there between the genres in terms of the amount and style of the costumes?
There is a stereotypical type of clothings used in the music videos which relaed to the genres. An example of this the Grime video above which clearly states that with the use of Hoodies and body-warmer.

3.Compare the use of setting and location between the three genres - what similarities and differences can you spot?
With the pop video, the narrator used locations that are active while with the dubstep video above, I`ve noticed that the artist was in some busy locations but also some quiet ones too like when she was in front of a garage. With the Grime video, even tho there was use of famous locations, I`ve noticed that there werent any people around and when the rapper was on the camera, he was mostly by himself only.

4.How significant is the use of props in the genres that you analysed?
I`ve noticed that there weren`t a lot of props in the videos that I have analysed, thus there weren`t quite precise enough for the viewers to spot any. But I think in the grime video, the use of costumes were the prop as it recognised the image of grime.

Research: Review of favourite previous student video

Review of: Tobi Abiola, Anjana Varsani and Axl Smith`s Video

http://vimeo.com/55009652

The audience that this video is intended for is the female audience. The song is about a girl that broke up with her lover because he wasnt faithful to her. 

The genre for this video is Dubstep. You can tell by the instruments used to create the song. The structure of the video is a disjuncture as there is little connection to the video. 

The use of camera is very effective as there is a lot of long shots in the beginning of the video followed by the use of close up shots of the singer`s face and a door. The when she entered the internal location there were lot of wide shots used to show the background and the setting.     

There was change of lights which was followed with the beat. There were shots of the interior and exterior settings. The representation of this video was from a male gaze because there was only one character and she was a female. 

This video received 40/40 marks. 

Research: Analysis of Music Video Conventions - Genre

Genre is important when making a music video because each genre have a different choice of Mise En Scene. The editing styles and camera shots will be completely different from Indie Rock and Hip Hop.
In an Indie Rock video, viewers usually expects the start up shots being a wide shot of the group then close up shot of the drummer followed by a medium shot of the lead singer. Whilst in a Hip-Hop video the first shot is usually the main prop(usually a car or a girl or a high shot of a location.)

Rick Ross: Hustlin. Genre: Hip-Hop

Franz Ferdinand: Take me out. Genre: Indie Rock
http://youtu.be/xZGcw9HHOkU

Research: Laura Mulvey: Representation of Gender

Laura Mulvey 1992. `In a world ordered by sexual imbalance, pleasure in looking has been split between active/male and passive/female. The determining male gaze projects its fantasy onto the female figure which is styled accordingly.'

What I can interpret from Mulvey`s quote is that directors use women in order to provide a pleasurable visual experience for men. The narrators structures the music video in a male gaze where the female is seen as the object which another word just another female. 

Music genres such as Hip-Hop and RnB are the main type of songs I think she could be relating to in this quote. The use of clothing, hair etc to make the woman appear `sexy.`

The videos below clearly shows a connection to Mulvey`s comment as the females are dressed to reveal certain parts of their body to entertain the audience. 

Gucci Mane- `Me`

There are some artists that challenge the male gaze such popular artist as Misha B.the video below shows that she doesn`t dress to attract viewers to see how she is dressed but to listen to her music.

Misha B- `Here`s to everything`

There are also some female artists that dresses to reveal such as Nikki Minaj. 

Nicki Minaj- `Starship`

Research: Carol Vernalis` theory

Carol Vernallis studied editng and camerawork closely in music videos. She observed that edits in music video come much more frequently than in film, that many stand out as disjuncture and that the editing seems to have a rhythmic basis closely connected to the song.

• Vernallis` observations were that the usual rules of `continuity` editing(editing usually found in classic broadcast fiction) are broken in order to draw attention to what is on screen.
• Edits may be really obvious to draw attentionto themselves, such as wipes and special effects added.
• Jump cuts are often used.
• A master shot(base track) is frequently used to give the video a structure.
• The camera may move in time with them music.

An example of Carol Venallis observation is shown below.

 

 

Research: Analysis of music video

The link below will take you to my analysis of a music video for Ellie Goulding's song Burn

 

Research - Analysing Media Language in Music Videos

Carol Vernallis Experiencing Music Video: Aesthetics and Cultral Context

• Carol Vernallis studied camerawork and editing in music videos. She saw that edits in music videos are more frequent than in films, many stand out as disjuncture. These edits seem to have a rhytmic basis connected closely with the song.
• Continuty editing is broken down in order to draw the attention to what is being shown on the screen.
• Edits are made obvious to draw the attention to the themselves, them being the artist in the video such as different transitions and special affects. Jump cuts may be used.
• Base tracks are frequently used to give the video more of a structure.
• Camera movement in time with the music.

Here are some examples:

Research - Andrew Goodwin - The Stucture of a Music Video

Andrew Goodwin

• Pop videos are built around a song and often songs do not follow the traditional narrative structure which is Normality - the Problem - then the Resolution.
• In Pop videos they usually use the singer for both narrator and main character.
• The singer/Artist often looks directly at camera trying to involve the viewers with the performance.
• Pop videos rely on repetition so that we become familiar with that specific genre and have expectations
• There are 3 different types of relations between the song and the video:

1. Illustration - When the video tells the story of the lyrics and expresses feeling and emotions through the dances.
2. Amplification - When the video introduces new meaning that matches with the lyrics but also adds layers of meaning.
3. Disjuncture - When the video has no connection with the lyrics.

Here are some examples:

 

This an example of Illustration - fits within this catergory because the video shows the lyrics throughout so it becomes familiar to the viewers, due to the repetition. The second video, the main character is also the narrator.

This is an example of Disjuncture - lyrics do not match the video.

This is an example of Amplification - the music video introduces layers of meaning.

Research: Review of previous student's music video

Katy B - Jewels

• Young females and teens going through a breakup are the main audience for this song/music video. This is illustrated in the artist's facial expression and the lyrics sung by her.

• There is a slight representation of gender thropugh the use of bold red lipstick, which shows femininity and has a sexual appeal 

• The structure of this music video is a disjuncture as there is very little connection between the lyrics and what the audience sees. 

• There is a wide range of media language used in this video; for example, there are many close-ups, mid-shots, pans and handheld camera. As well as the camera shots, editing (such as fades, slow-motion, rewind etc) has been used effectively to fit and enhance the tempo of the music. The genre of this song is Dubstep, therefore it has an upbeat tempo.

The grade which I had predicted for this music video was 34, however it recieved a full mark of 40! This is because it had appropiate shooting material, variety of shots, close attention to mise-en-scene, good editing, and many more...

Research - Function of a music video

Music video: A videotaped performance of a recorded popular song, usually accompanied by dancing and visual images interpreting the lyrics.

The Music video has a number of purposes, but its main purpose is to Promote  the single, the album the single is from and, of course, the artist. to do this, a music video has to:

1) sell the song in a way that the audience can remember the song from the video.
2) to provide the viewer with a better understanding of the songs so that they can engage with it both visually and audibly (this is achieved through a performance or a 'story' telling)
3) to entertain the viewer by highlighting the talents of the artists - dancing, singing, performance and physical appearance.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G_miGclPFGs : this song, "One pound fish" promotes the song quite well, with the lyrics being "one pound fish" mostly throughout the song, and also hand gestures and props such as fish which act as Amplification.

Research - Analysis of Previous students

Katy B - Jewels reproduced by Christabell Ndive, Juliana Lopez, Tamara Akotuah



password = student

• The intended audience is young females, potentially those going through a breakup, you can tell this from the lyrics of the song which is quiet sad and also from the  expressions on the characters face, which are quiet sad also.
• 
  
• The genre is RnB/Dubstep, you can infer this from the upbeat type of tune, mixed in with the base tracks and cuts.
• The Narrative/Structure of the video is a type of mix between Disjuncture and Illustration.
• There is much Media Language in the clip, we see camera types such as hand held, tilts, close ups and pans, we see edits such as slow motion and filters.
• The representation seen in the music video is that of Gender, this is shown by the lipstick for example.

I thought that this previous student video should receive 36, because it had good camera shots and the use of editing such as slow motion in places were quite good and helped me to engage with the Music video, however it turns out the video received a full 40.

Research - Carol Vernallis

A2 Media studies

Blogging task on Carol Vernallis

Carol Vernallis studied editing and camerawork closely in music videos. She observed that edits in music videos come much more frequently than in film, that many stand out as disjuncture and that the editing seems to have a rhythmic basis closely connected to the song.

My interpretation is that editors closely match the beat of the song, or base track or even both with editing techniques such as cut and slow motion.

The main points of her observation are summarised below:

·         The usual roles of ‘continuity’ editing (editing usually found in classic broadcast fiction) are broken in order to draw attention to what is on screen.

·         The camera may move in time with the music.]

·         A master shot (base track) is frequently used to give the video structure.

·         Jump cuts are often used.

·         Edits may be really obvious to draw attention to themselves, such as wipes and special effects added.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iL51Tsh6Sdg

in this Rizzle kicks clip, the camera moves in time with the music/beat, there are many jump cuts all the way troughout te video, many obvious edits, such as the light at the beginning which then have the words ‘Rizzle Kicks Lost Generation’ pop up at the same time using the light cleverly as a background/in between, there is slow motion also, and the artist makes eye contact with the camera a lot, base track consist and there are repeated shots of the performer.  Carol Vernallis’ thesis is therefore correct in this case as the video replicates her ideas.

Resarch - Laura Mulvey

A2 Media Studies

Blogging task on Laura Mulvey

Laura Mulvey; “in a world ordered by sexual imbalance, pleasure in looking has been split between active/male and passive/female. The determining male gaze projects its fantasy onto the female figure which is styled accordingly”.

My interpretation of this was; our world consists of sexual imbalance, both genders like to take pleasure from looking at one another. The dominant ideology is projected by the dominant class, middle aged white males, so their view styles society accordingly.

Mulvey has the idea that women are ‘dismembered’ in all forms of  media – that there is a focus, not on women as a whole, but a focus on parts of their body (i.e. their body is being dismembered).

She argues that this is responsible for some women’s focus and obsession with specific parts of their bodies (bum, legs ect). Men, she argues are shown as a whole.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ANE9A5osUes

in the first 2 seconds of this clip (Dizzee rascal - Holiday) Laura Mulvey’s theory of female dismemberment is shown, and this carries on throughout the entire video.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4JipHEz53sU#

In Nicki Minaj’s “Superbass” the same thing is shown, however it is the opposite of Mulvey’s thesis, having the female as the dominant character whilst the males are being deconstructed.

Research - Copyright Clearance

6 lees court

High croft road

London N19 3AH

03/09/2013

Island Records

22 St Peter London

England W6 9NW       

Dear Mark Crossingham

Request for Copyright Permission to use part or whole of Disclosure “White Noise” and “Latch”.

I am a student of A Level Media Studies and for my advanced portfolio I will be working in a group to produce a promotional package for the release of a new album track.

I would like to request permission to use the above track for this project.

The finished project will not be made available publicly and will be used solely for coursework purposes. The holder of the original copyright will be fully acknowledged in the finished project.

If you do not hold the rights for this song I should be grateful if you could forward this request to the appropriate person, or return it to me with the contact details in order that I might approach the copyright holder directly.

Yours faithfully

Torian T.D Cox

Toriancox@gmail.com                 

Research - Blogging Task on Andrew Goodwin

A2 Media Studies

Blogging Task on Andrew Goodwin

Andrew Goodwin’s thesis

1.       Pop videos are built around songs – and often songs do not pose traditional narrative structures (normality-problem-resolution)

2.       The pop video uses the singer both as narrator and performer/character.

3.       The singer often looks directly into the camera  - this is an extension of (Musical) performance and trying to involve the viewer at home with the performance.

Illustration: this is where the video tells the story of the lyric “pap don’t preach” - Madonna for example. Dance is often used to express the feelings/moods in the song.

Amplification: occurs when the videos introduce new meanings that do not contradict with the lyric but add layers of meaning.

Disjuncture: this is where there is little connection between the lyric and video or where the video contradicts the lyric. E.g. Michael Jackson's Man in the Mirror. The song is about self – realization but the video is full of radical world events.

Research: Revenues

Below is an example how well known artists makes their revenue which is quite surprising where they make the most money from.

Artists get their revenues from royalties, money from gigs, t-shirt sales, synch licensing fees or support from fans.

Thanks to the new technologies available within our availability, it is now easily to get new songs which means record label can low the costs of their music. Digital recording studios, aggregators, online music stores, on-demand streaming services, webcasting stations and satellite radio; each has done its part to reduce the cost barriers to the creation, production, distribution and sale of music. And everything from social networks to blogs to Twitter feeds now help musicians connect with fans.

Below is a pie chart of how the revenue gained are split within the industry.

I have used http://blog.midem.com/2012/01/kristin-thomson-the-new-power-trio-bands-brands-and-revenue/ to obtain some information which I have then reworded back into my own words.

Research: Andrew Goodwin Dancing in the Distraction Factory Summary

The structure of Music Video.

Andrew Goodwin feels that traditional narrative analyses (using such ideas as Todorov) don`t really apply to pop videos. Its because they are trying to be `Avant Garde` which means that they approach the sequence from a different angle to novels and films.

The reason for this different narrative structures are as follows:

1. Pop videos are built around songs - and often songs do not pose traditional narrative structures(noramality-problem-resolution.)
2. The pop video uses the singer both as a narrator and as a character.
3. The singer often looks directly at the camera - this is an extentionof (music hall) performance and trying to involve the viewer at home with the hall performance.

Pop videos rely on repetition thus the video repeats the images which follows the beats, lines and choruses. The repetition in songs of parts or rhythms or songs(intertextuality) means that we become familliar with the genre and have certain expections. Lastly the video would be played on TV, the song would be played on the radio and there might be an advertising film or TV tie-in making the song very familliar throught repetion.

Pop songs and other videos do not have a form of closure and ending. The 3 minute single that a video is based on must end and this is often reflected in the structure of the music - it builds to a climax or to constant repetition before fading away.

The visualisation of a song may go beyond the original meaning. The video provides a visual pleasure that encourages repeated viewing which therefore promotes the music. Videos sometimes promotes other products which is called cross media convergence. There are three types of relations between songs and videos which are called Illustration, Amplification and Disjuncture.

1.  Illustration means is when the video tells the story of the lyric. Dance is often used to express the feelings/moods in the song.
2. Amplification means when the videos introduce new meanings that do not contradict with the lyrics but add layers of meaning.
3. Disjuncture is when there is little connection between the lyric and video contradicts the lyrics.

• Pop videos have easily recognisable features example with Michael Jackson in his videos.
• Videos try to appeal to as wide an audience as possible. Older bands often show themselves in their younger days to relate to younger audience.
• Videos from songs are written for particular movies. 'Adele- Skyfall.' 'Celine Dion-My heart will go on'

 Illustration: Below is an example of Illustration

Amplification: Below is an example of Amplification

Disjuncture: Below is an example of Disjuncture